Design of a Low-Profile Metasurface Array for Gain Enhancement of a 3.57 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 0
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a low-profile metasurface-superstrate antenna for gain enhancement of a 3.57 GHz microstrip patch antenna (MPA) intended for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The proposed antenna system consists of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna integrated with metasurface (MS) arrays of different configurations, namely 1×1, 3×3, and 5×5-unit cells, fabricated on an RO4003 substrate with a relative permittivity of 3.55 and thickness of 0.51 mm. The metasurface is designed using dual-resonator unit cells to improve radiation directivity through constructive electromagnetic reradiation and Fabry–Perot-like cavity resonance. A parametric study of the separation distance between the MPA and metasurface is conducted to determine the optimum gain enhancement condition. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the metasurface significantly improves antenna performance without substantially shifting the operating frequency. The standalone MPA achieves a measured gain of 4.5 dBi, while the integration of 1×1, 3×3, and 5×5 metasurface arrays increases the measured gain to 5.6 dBi, 8.2 dBi, and 8.6 dBi, respectively. The 3×3 metasurface configuration provides the best compromise between gain enhancement, radiation stability, and structural simplicity. In addition, the metasurface arrays improve radiation directivity and slightly enhance impedance bandwidth. The measured results are in good agreement with simulations, validating the effectiveness of the proposed low-profile metasurface approach for compact high-gain sub-6 GHz antenna systems.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- Author grant the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
References
Ahmad, I., Tan, W., Ali, Q., & Sun, H. (2022). Latest performance improvement strategies and techniques used in 5G antenna designing technology, a comprehensive study. Micromachines, 13(5), 717.doi: 10.3390/mi13050717
Al-Gburi, A. J. A., Ibrahim, I. B. M., Zakaria, Z., & Nazli, N. F. B. M. (2021). Wideband microstrip patch antenna for sub 6 GHz and 5G applications. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 97.doi:-
Al-Gburi, A. J. A., Zakaria, Z., Alsariera, H., Akbar, M. F., Ibrahim, I. M., Ahmad, K. S., ... & Al-Bawri, S. S. (2022). Broadband circular polarised printed antennas for indoor wireless communication systems: A comprehensive review. Micromachines, 13(7), 1048.doi: 10.3390/mi13071048
Ali, A., Tong, J., Iqbal, J., Illahi, U., Rauf, A., Rehman, S. U., ... & Ghoniem, R. M. (2022). Mutual coupling reduction through defected ground structure in circularly polarized, dielectric resonator-based MIMO antennas for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Micromachines, 13(7), 1082.doi:10.3390/mi13071082
An, Z., & He, M. (2020). A simple planar antenna for sub-6 GHz applications in 5G mobile terminals. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES), 10-15.doi:-
Azim, R., Meaze, A. M. H., Affandi, A., Alam, M. M., Aktar, R., Mia, M. S., ... & Islam, M. T. (2021). A multi-slotted antenna for LTE/5G Sub-6 GHz wireless communication applications. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 13(5), 486-496.doi: doi:10.1017/S1759078720001336
Balanis, C. A. (2016). Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley & Sons.
Bokhari, S. H. A., & Cheema, H. M. (2021). Ultra-wideband, wide angle, asymmetric transmission based chiral metasurface for C and X band applications. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 11724. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91126-1
Deng, Y., Cao, G., Wu, Y., Zhou, X., & Liao, W. (2015). Theoretical description of dynamic transmission characteristics in MDM waveguide aperture-side-coupled with ring cavity. Plasmonics, 10(6), 1537-1543.doi: 10.1007/s11468-015-9971-9
Fang, X., Wen, G., Inserra, D., Huang, Y., & Li, J. (2018). Compact wideband CPW-fed meandered-slot antenna with slotted Y-shaped central element for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and 5G applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 66(12), 7395-7399.doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2869254
Hu, L., Liao, X., Zhang, F., Wu, H., Ma, S., Lin, Q., & Tang, X. (2022). A wideband high-efficiency GaN MMIC power amplifier for sub-6-GHz applications. Micromachines, 13(5), 793.doi: 10.3390/mi13050793
Huang, B., Li, M., Lin, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, G., & Wu, F. (2020). A Compact Slotted Patch Hybrid‐Mode Antenna for Sub‐6 GHz Communication. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2020(1), 8262361. doi: 10.1155/2020/8262361
Ikram, M., Nguyen-Trong, N., & Abbosh, A. (2020). Hybrid antenna using open-ended slot for integrated 4G/5G mobile application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 19(4), 710-714. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2020.2978181
Ishfaq, M. K., Abd Rahman, T., Himdi, M., Chattha, H. T., Saleem, Y., Khawaja, B. A., & Masud, F. (2019). Compact four-element phased antenna array for 5G applications. IEEE Access, 7, 161103-161111. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949149
Jash, S. S., Goswami, C., & Ghatak, R. (2019). A low-profile broadband circularly polarized planar antenna with an embedded slot realized on a reactive impedance surface. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 108, 62-72. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.06.006
Kovačević, A., Potrebić, M., & Tošić, D. (2022). Sensitivity characterization of multi-band THz metamaterial sensor for possible virus detection. Electronics, 11(5), 699.doi: 10.3390/electronics11050699
Park, J., Seong, H., Whang, Y. N., & Hong, W. (2019). Energy-efficient 5G phased arrays incorporating vertically polarized endfire planar folded slot antenna for mmWave mobile terminals. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 68(1), 230-241. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2930100
Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 tahun 2022 tentang Tabel alokasi Spektrum Frekuensi Radio Indonesia, https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/unduh/id/834/t/peraturan+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+12+tahun+2022 (diakses pada 9 April 2025).
Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. S., Wong, H. Y., Alam, T., & Islam, M. T. (2019). Performance analysis of a defected ground-structured antenna loaded with stub-slot for 5G communication. Sensors, 19(11), 2634.doi: 10.3390/s19112634
Wang, W., & Zheng, Y. (2021). Wideband gain enhancement of high-isolation Fabry–Pérot antenna array with tandem circular parasitic patches and radial gradient PRS. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 69(11), 7959-7964. doi:10.1109/TAP.2021.3083781.
Wu, X., Zheng, Y., Luo, Y., Zhang, J., Yi, Z., Wu, X., ... & Wu, P. (2021). A four-band and polarization-independent BDS-based tunable absorber with high refractive index sensitivity. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 23(47), 26864-26873. doi: 10.1039/D1CP04568G